Vermont Small Claims Court: A Guide for Renters

If you're a renter in Vermont facing problems with your landlord—like a withheld security deposit or unresolved repairs—Small Claims Court offers a simple and affordable way to resolve disputes. Understanding the process can help you assert your rights using clear, official channels under Vermont law.

What Is Small Claims Court in Vermont?

Vermont's Small Claims Court is designed for individuals to resolve civil disputes for amounts up to $5,000, such as security deposit returns, minor damages, or landlord-tenant disagreements. You don't need a lawyer, and the process is straightforward and intended for people without legal backgrounds.

Common Renter Disputes Resolved in Small Claims Court

• Getting your security deposit back after moving out
• Recovering costs for repairs done to your rental
• Disagreements over lease terms or rent owed
• Claims for property damage or personal losses due to neglect

Before filing, it’s best to try to resolve the dispute with your landlord by communicating in writing and documenting all interactions.

Key Vermont Legislation Protecting Renters

Vermont renters are protected under the Vermont Residential Rental Agreements Act (9 V.S.A. § 4451-4477), which outlines landlords’ responsibilities and tenant rights, including requirements for returning security deposits and making repairs.^[1]

Who Oversees Landlord-Tenant Cases?

In Vermont, Small Claims Court is a division of the Vermont Superior Court. It’s the official body where residential tenancy disputes can be resolved quickly and with minimal costs. Learn more at the Vermont Judiciary Small Claims Division.^[2]

How to File a Small Claims Case as a Renter

To start your case, you'll need to fill out specific court forms, provide documentation, and pay a filing fee. Below is a breakdown of the forms and a simplified step-by-step process.

Required Official Forms

• Small Claims Complaint (Form 820): This is the document you file to start your case. You’ll explain what happened, what you’re asking for, and provide supporting facts.
  Example: If your landlord refuses to return your security deposit, you would use this form.
  Download Small Claims Complaint (Form 820) from the Vermont Judiciary.
• Small Claims Information and Instructions: Guides you through the filing process in Vermont and what to expect in court.
  Read the Small Claims Instructions.
• Summons (Form 820A): Issued by the court after filing. Serves as official notice to the landlord that a complaint has been made.
  Example: After you file the complaint, the court provides a Summons to serve your landlord.
  Small Claims Summons (Form 820A).

Step-by-Step: Filing a Small Claims Action as a Renter

• Gather Your Evidence: Documents may include your lease, communications with your landlord, photos, and any receipts for payments.
• Complete the Small Claims Complaint (Form 820): Clearly state your claim, the amount, and attach your evidence.
• File Your Paperwork: Submit the forms and pay the filing fee at your county's Vermont Superior Court. See Vermont court locations.
• Serve the Landlord: After filing, provide the Summons and Complaint to your landlord as official notice. This is known as "service of process." Follow instructions in the Small Claims Information Sheet for allowed methods.
• Attend Your Hearing: Show up with evidence and be prepared to explain your side. If the judge rules in your favor, the landlord may be ordered to pay what you’re owed.

Tip: Write down important dates, keep copies of all documents, and bring organized evidence to your hearing—this greatly increases your chances of success.

What to Expect After Filing

Once you start the case, the landlord will have a chance to respond. The court may encourage both sides to mediate. Most hearings are informal, but you should be respectful and follow the instructions given by court staff. If you win, the judge can issue a money judgment—meaning the landlord must pay you what’s owed.

Associated Fees and Limits

• Claim limit: $5,000
• Filing fees: Vary by claim amount, typically between $65–$90
• View up-to-date Vermont court fee schedule

Fees are sometimes waived if you can’t afford them. Ask for a "Motion to Waive Filing Fees" form at the court if needed.

FAQ: Vermont Renters and Small Claims Court

1. What types of rental disputes are most common in Small Claims Court?
   Security deposit disputes, unpaid rent, and damages to property are most commonly heard.
2. Do I need a lawyer to file a small claims case in Vermont?
   No, most renters represent themselves, and the process is designed to be accessible to non-lawyers.
3. How long does it take to get a decision?
   Typically, hearings are scheduled within a few months of filing, and decisions may be made soon after the hearing.
4. What happens if the landlord doesn't pay after I win?
   If the landlord refuses to pay a court-ordered judgment, you can ask the court for help with enforcement measures. See enforcement forms and information.
5. Can I appeal a decision?
   Yes, but appeals must be filed within 30 days, and the process involves more formal Superior Court procedures.

Key Takeaways for Renters

• Vermont Small Claims Court is an affordable way for renters to resolve disputes for up to $5,000 without a lawyer.
• Document your evidence, use official state forms, and follow the step-by-step process for the best outcome.
• Comprehensive information and forms are available from the Vermont Judiciary Small Claims Division.

Need Help? Resources for Renters

• Vermont Judiciary Main Portal – Access forms, court locations, and fee waivers
• Vermont Legal Aid: Renters Help – Free legal information and support for Vermont tenants
• Vermont Residential Rental Agreements Act – Complete tenancy law text
• Vermont Small Claims Forms – All required forms for renters

---

1. Vermont Residential Rental Agreements Act (9 V.S.A. § 4451-4477)
2. Vermont Judiciary – Small Claims Division
3. Vermont Small Claims Court Forms
4. Official Vermont Court Fees Schedule

Categories

Renter Rights & Legal Protections Lease Agreements & Renewals Rent, Fees & Security Deposits Moving In: Inspections & Disclosures Moving Out & Ending a Lease Maintenance, Repairs & Habitability Health & Safety Standards Evictions & Lease Violations Roommates, Subletting & Shared Housing Discrimination & Fair Housing Laws Accessibility & Disability Accommodations Utilities, Services & Billing Affordable Housing & Rental Assistance Rent Control & Rent Stabilization Privacy Rights & Landlord Entry Security, Locks & Emergency Protections Dispute Resolution & Legal Aid Retaliation & Harassment Protections Mobile Home & Manufactured Housing Rights Special Housing Types & Situations