Vermont Tenant Rights: Changing Locks and Security

If you're renting in Vermont and are worried about your safety or wondering if you can change the locks, knowing your rights and responsibilities is important. Vermont law does not specifically outline when tenants can change locks, so understanding how to protect yourself—while staying within the law—is key.

Understanding Security and Locks in Vermont Rentals

In Vermont, there is no explicit state law in the Vermont Residential Rental Agreements Act that forbids or permits a tenant from changing locks. However, basic lease agreements and the state's general tenant-landlord rules still apply. Landlords must provide reasonably secure premises, and tenants are expected to act in good faith and maintain the property.

• Before changing locks, review your written lease. Many leases require landlord approval for lock changes.
• If you have experienced domestic violence or need emergency protection, special rights may apply (see below).
• You are responsible for keeping the rental secure and must not prevent landlord entry for legitimate reasons (such as repairs or inspections, with proper notice).

It's wise to communicate early with your landlord about any security or lock concerns.

When Can Vermont Tenants Change the Locks?

Vermont law allows tenants and landlords to set terms by written agreement. Your ability to change the locks often depends on your lease and whether there is a safety issue, such as a lost key, theft, or domestic violence. If your lease is silent, you should still notify your landlord and provide a copy of the new key.

• If you are in danger due to domestic or sexual violence, Vermont law protects tenants’ rights to safety. You may also terminate your tenancy with 30 days’ notice under certain conditions.
• Changing locks without notification may put you in violation of your lease or lead to security issues for repairs and emergencies.

Steps to Take Before Changing Locks

If you need to change your locks, here are the best practices for Vermont renters:

• Check your lease for lock-change rules.
• Inform your landlord in writing and request approval if needed.
• If approved, use a professional locksmith or maintenance request.
• Always provide your landlord with a copy of the new key.

Special Protections for Survivors of Domestic Violence

Vermont law (see 9 V.S.A. § 4463) state that tenants who are survivors of domestic or sexual violence may terminate a lease early with documentation. Although lock-change rights are not specifically spelled out, landlords must not penalize victims for seeking safety. If you fear for your immediate safety, reach out to local law enforcement or advocacy organizations for help.

Relevant Forms for Vermont Renters

• Notice to Vacate (30-Day Notice): Used by tenants in cases of domestic or sexual violence to terminate a rental agreement early. How to use and download: This is not a standard pre-filled form—you must provide written notice with related documentation of abuse. For example, a tenant who needs to leave for safety reasons sends a certified letter to the landlord explaining the situation with required proof (e.g., court order, police report).
• Maintenance or Repair Request: While there is no official state form for lock repairs or security improvements, tenants should make any such requests in writing. Retain copies for your records.

For more about rental agreement laws and official forms, visit Vermont’s Department of Health rental housing page.

Landlord Entry: What Are the Rules?

Vermont law (see 9 V.S.A. § 4460) allows landlords to enter for repairs, inspections, or emergencies with at least 48 hours’ notice, unless it’s an emergency. If you change the locks, you still must ensure the landlord has access.

Maintaining good communication and following these steps can help you address safety concerns, protect your rights, and avoid disputes.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Can I change the locks in my Vermont rental without telling the landlord?
   No. Even if your lease does not mention locks, you should inform your landlord before changing them and provide a copy of the new key.
2. What should I do if I lost my key or someone broke in?
   Contact your landlord as soon as possible. Discuss options for new locks and repairs, and follow up in writing for documentation.
3. Are there special lock-change protections for domestic violence victims?
   Vermont law allows early lease termination for domestic violence survivors but does not guarantee lock changes. Still, landlords must not penalize tenants for taking steps to stay safe.
4. Do I have to pay for new locks in a Vermont rental?
   This depends on your lease. Generally, tenants pay if they request a lock change for personal reasons, unless the lock is faulty due to normal wear or landlord neglect.
5. Where can I file a complaint if my landlord refuses to address security concerns?
   If your landlord fails to address a serious security issue, contact your local housing health officer or Vermont Superior Court’s Civil Division for help. The court handles rental disputes statewide (Vermont Superior Court locations).

Need Help? Resources for Renters

• Vermont Department of Health – Tenant Rights: Official guidance and FAQs
• Vermont Superior Court – Civil Division: Handles residential landlord-tenant disputes
• Vermont Legal Aid – Housing Help: Free legal assistance and advocacy
• Rental Assistance Program: Support for tenant safety and relocation due to violence or emergencies

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1. Vermont Residential Rental Agreements Act (9 V.S.A. Chapter 137)
2. Vermont Statutes Annotated 9 V.S.A. § 4463 (Domestic/Sexual Violence Protections)
3. Vermont Superior Court Civil Division (residential tenancy disputes)
4. Vermont Department of Health – Tenant and Landlord Resources

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