Locked Out in Vermont? Renter Rights and Next Steps

If you’re a renter in Vermont and find yourself locked out of your home, it’s important to know your rights and what actions you can take. Vermont law protects tenants from illegal lockouts and gives you specific options for regaining access and seeking help. This guide covers your rights, what to do immediately, official forms, and where to turn for support.

Understanding Lockout Laws in Vermont

Under Vermont law, your landlord cannot lock you out of your rental property without first going through the proper legal eviction process. This is to prevent "self-help" evictions, which are illegal. Common examples of illegal lockouts include changing the locks, removing doors, or blocking your access to essential utilities without a court order.

• Your landlord must obtain a Court Order for Possession before you can be legally locked out.
• If you are locked out without court authorization, you may have the right to regain entry and seek damages.

Which agency oversees tenant-landlord matters in Vermont?

Residential tenancy matters in Vermont are handled by the Vermont Judiciary, specifically the Civil Division of the Superior Court.

Immediate Steps if You’re Locked Out

If you arrive home to find you’ve been locked out and have not received a Court Order, here’s what you should do:

• Stay Calm. Document the situation: Take pictures of changed locks, signs, or any removed property.
• Contact your landlord to ask for immediate entry. If they refuse, explain that Vermont law prohibits self-help lockouts.
• Do not attempt to break in or escalate the situation. This could impact your rights.
• If you feel unsafe or need immediate assistance, contact the local police non-emergency number for help.

If you have nowhere to stay, reach out to local emergency housing services or Vermont’s rental assistance programs for temporary help.

Your Legal Rights and Relevant Vermont Legislation

The main law protecting renters in Vermont is the Vermont Residential Rental Agreements Act (9 V.S.A. Chapter 137)¹. It makes it illegal for landlords to forcibly exclude tenants or interrupt essential services without a proper court order. Only a judicial eviction can require you to leave.

• If locked out, you may be entitled to regain entry and recover damages, including costs and, in some cases, additional compensation.
• You also have a right to apply to the court for relief if your landlord does not follow legal eviction procedures.

Official Court Forms – When and How to Use Them

If you want to challenge an illegal lockout or start a claim, you can file a motion with the Vermont Superior Court:

• Complaint for Relief from Unlawful Eviction
  Form: There is not a dedicated form, but you can file a Civil Complaint (Form 400-00043) to start a case.
  Use this if you need to ask the court to order your landlord to let you back in or seek damages. For example: If you come home and your things are outside and the locks are changed, use this complaint form to open a case in court.

You’ll need to bring your documentation (photos, communications with the landlord, police report if applicable) when filing. You can file your civil complaint at your local Superior Court; use the Vermont Court Locator to find the right courthouse.

Can Your Landlord Ever Legally Lock You Out?

Only after a judge signs a Writ of Possession at the end of the formal eviction process can a landlord require you to leave the property. The landlord generally works with a sheriff to enforce this order—never on their own.

Summary

Vermont law gives you strong protections against illegal lockouts. Your landlord must follow the court eviction process. If your rights have been violated, you can file a complaint and seek help. Prompt action and documentation are essential.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

1. Can my landlord change the locks on me without warning in Vermont?
   No. Changing locks or otherwise denying entry without a court order is illegal in Vermont. You have a right to remain in your home unless removed by a court order.
2. What should I do if my landlord locks me out?
   Document everything, contact your landlord, and if not resolved, file a complaint with the Superior Court. If needed, contact law enforcement for immediate safety.
3. Is there an official form to regain access after a lockout?
   Yes. Use the Civil Complaint form to file your case for unlawful eviction or lockout.
4. Can I change my own locks if I feel unsafe?
   Typically, you must have landlord permission to change locks. If you do, you often need to provide your landlord with a copy of the new key unless there has been violence or a court allows it.
5. Where can I get legal help if I’m locked out?
   See the resources below; free and low-cost tenant advocacy and legal aid are available across Vermont.

Need Help? Resources for Renters

• Vermont Judiciary (Superior Court) – Handles all eviction and lockout disputes
• Vermont Legal Aid: Housing Help – Free legal support for renters facing lockouts or eviction
• Vermont Department for Children and Families: Housing Assistance
• Statewide emergency shelter and referrals: Dial 2-1-1

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1. Vermont Residential Rental Agreements Act (9 V.S.A. Chapter 137)
2. Vermont Judiciary – Landlord/Tenant Information
3. Vermont Civil Complaint Form

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