Challenging an Overcharged Utility Bill as a New Hampshire Renter

If you’re a renter in New Hampshire facing an unexpectedly high utility bill, you’re not alone. Disputing utility charges might feel overwhelming, but state law gives you the right to question and challenge bills you believe are inaccurate or excessive. This guide explains how to check for errors, communicate with utility providers or your landlord, use official complaint forms, and where to get further legal support.

Understanding Utility Bills in New Hampshire

Landlords in New Hampshire may provide utilities directly or require renters to sign up with local providers. State rules under the New Hampshire Residential Landlord and Tenant Act (RSA 540 and RSA 48-A) set minimum standards for fair billing and service.^[1]

• If utilities are included in your rent, your landlord must keep services running and cannot unreasonably overcharge beyond what is set in the lease.
• If you pay utilities separately, the account may be directly in your name with the utility company OR the landlord may bill you after receiving a bulk bill for the property.

Always check your lease agreement for details on utility arrangements and permitted charges.

Identifying and Documenting an Overinflated Bill

Before taking action, review your utility bill carefully for errors, unexpected fees, or usage that seems unusually high. Compare past bills, and consider whether any recent maintenance issues (like leaks or broken appliances) have affected your usage.

• Request a detailed itemization if your bill is unclear.
• Take photos or read the meter to verify accuracy and gather evidence.
• Record all communication with your landlord or utility provider.

Steps to Challenge a Utility Bill in New Hampshire

Here’s how you can assert your rights and contest a bill you believe is inflated or incorrect:

1. Contact Your Utility Provider or Landlord First

• Reach out promptly in writing (email or letter) outlining your concern and providing copies of your bill and any evidence.
• If the account is in your name, contact the utility company directly. For landlord-billed utilities, start with your landlord or their management company.

2. File a Formal Dispute with the Utility Company

If the provider is unwilling to resolve the issue, you can formally dispute the bill. Most NH utilities offer a Customer Complaint Form or instructions for written disputes on their websites. For example:

• Public Service Company of New Hampshire (Eversource): Eversource Bill Dispute instructions
• Liberty Utilities: Liberty Utilities NH Customer Service

Explain the error, attach supporting documents, and request a review. Utility providers must respond to written disputes under the rules set by the New Hampshire Public Utilities Commission (PUC).

3. File a Complaint with the NH Public Utilities Commission (PUC)

If your provider or landlord does not resolve your dispute, you may file a complaint with the PUC using their official form:

• Form Name: Consumer Complaint Form
• How to Use: Use this form to describe utility billing issues, attach evidence, and request investigation. Example: A renter receives a water bill four times higher than normal and, after checking for leaks and verifying their usage, files this form when the landlord/provider does not correct the error.
• NH PUC Consumer Complaint Form

The PUC investigates complaints and facilitates fair billing for residential utility customers.^[2]

4. If the Problem Involves Your Landlord

• Write to your landlord seeking explanation or correction. Reference applicable state law (RSA 540-A) protecting against unfair utility charges.
• If unresolved, you may seek mediation or file a small claims action at your local district court. Contact the New Hampshire Circuit Court - District Division for forms and instructions.

Relevant Legislation and Where Disputes Are Handled

Utility billing disputes are governed by the New Hampshire Residential Landlord and Tenant Act (RSA 540 and RSA 48-A) and PUC administrative rules. The NH Public Utilities Commission is the official agency for handling residential utility disputes.

FAQ: Utility Bill Disputes in New Hampshire

1. How long does it take to resolve a utility complaint? The New Hampshire PUC aims to resolve most residential complaints within 30 days, though complex cases may require more time.
2. Can my landlord shut off utilities if I dispute a bill? No. Under New Hampshire law, landlords are generally prohibited from intentionally interrupting essential utilities as a form of eviction or retaliation.^[1]
3. Is there a fee to file a complaint with the PUC? No, submitting a Consumer Complaint Form to the PUC is free of charge for renters and residential customers.
4. What if I can’t afford to pay while the complaint is pending? Let the provider and PUC know. While under investigation, disconnection for nonpayment may be suspended. Seek local energy assistance programs.
5. What evidence should I include with my complaint? Attach copies of bills, photos of meter readings, any written communications, and records of past payments or disputes.

Conclusion: Key Takeaways for New Hampshire Renters

• Carefully review your lease and utility bills to identify errors or overcharges
• Communicate clearly and keep written records when disputing a bill
• Use the official PUC complaint process if your provider or landlord does not resolve the issue

By understanding your rights and using the appropriate forms and agencies, you can confidently challenge incorrect or unfair utility charges.

Need Help? Resources for Renters

• New Hampshire Public Utilities Commission (PUC) Consumer Services: Guidance and online complaint form
• RSA 540 & 48-A – NH Landlord Tenant Law
• NH Circuit Court - District Division (for small claims and mediation)
• NH Housing Tenant Resources: Information for renters and utility assistance options

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1. RSA 540: Landlord and Tenant (New Hampshire Statutes)
2. NH Public Utilities Commission Consumer Services

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