Massachusetts Tenant Rights: Changing Locks Legally

Wondering if you can change the locks in your Massachusetts rental home? State law gives renters some important rights, but also sets requirements to protect both tenants and landlords. This guide explains when and how Massachusetts renters can legally change locks, what notice you must give, and what to do if you feel unsafe in your home.

Massachusetts Laws on Changing Locks

Massachusetts does not have a specific statewide law that directly says "when tenants can change locks," but tenants may have the right to change locks for safety—especially after cases of domestic violence or emergency situations. However, you generally cannot lock your landlord out or prevent lawful access.

• Landlords must provide secure locks at move-in and maintain them as part of their duty to provide a habitable property (Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 186, Section 15B).
• Tenants seeking more security may change locks in specific circumstances, but usually must provide the landlord with a key promptly.
• You cannot change locks to intentionally exclude the landlord or violate any part of your lease agreement.

Special Protections: Domestic Violence or Abuse

Massachusetts law grants renters special rights to change locks quickly if facing domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking, or harassment. Under MGL Chapter 186, Section 28:

• Tenants who provide documentation of abuse (such as a restraining order or police report) can request the landlord change the locks within 2 business days.
• If the landlord does not act within that timeframe, tenants may change the locks themselves.
• A copy of the new key must be given to the landlord within 2 business days.

These rights are designed to keep victims of abuse safe in their homes while keeping landlords properly notified.

Standard Situations: Changing Locks Any Other Time

If you want to change locks for reasons outside of abuse or threat, you may need landlord permission. Check your lease agreement—it often requires written approval. If the lease does not mention locks, best practice is to:

• Request written permission from your landlord.
• Use a licensed locksmith.
• Promptly provide your landlord with a copy of the new key.

Unauthorized lock changes can be considered a lease violation and may lead to eviction proceedings.

Relevant Forms for Massachusetts Tenants

Massachusetts does not require a specific state-issued form for changing locks, but there are key documents you might use:

• Request for Lock Change (No official form): Use a written letter or email to your landlord clearly requesting a lock change and stating your reason. For those affected by abuse, include supporting documents (like a copy of a restraining order).
• Notice to Quit: If the landlord threatens eviction due to an unauthorized lock change, the process starts with a Notice to Quit (official notice from landlord to tenant).
• Application for Abuse Prevention Order (Form OCA CJ-P 305): If your safety is at risk, you may apply for a restraining order from the court, which can be supporting evidence in requesting a prompt lock change.

For the restraining order process, submit the form at your local district court. Example: A tenant being harassed by an ex-partner can file Form OCA CJ-P 305 as evidence to request the landlord change or allow changing the lock.

What the Law Says: Key Massachusetts Tenant Legislation

• Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 186 governs landlord and tenant relationships, including rights to a safe living environment.
• Specific lock change protections for domestic violence are in Section 28.

The court that handles residential tenancy cases in the state is the Massachusetts Housing Court.

Action Steps: If You Need to Change Locks in Massachusetts

Follow these steps to stay protected and avoid legal risks:

• Check your lease for any clauses related to locks.
• Request permission in writing unless facing a documented emergency like violence.
• If facing abuse, gather supporting documents (police report, restraining order) and notify your landlord in writing. If landlord does not respond within 2 business days, you may change the locks and provide the new key within the next 2 business days.
• Always give your landlord a copy of any new key within the required timeframe.
• Keep records of all communications and receipts.

Following these steps can help protect your rights and avoid a potential eviction for "excluding the landlord."

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Can my landlord prevent me from changing locks in Massachusetts? Landlords can require notification and may require a copy of the new key, but cannot refuse a lock change in documented cases of domestic violence, sexual assault, or similar emergencies if you follow state-mandated steps.
2. What should I do if I feel unsafe but do not have a restraining order? You should immediately notify your landlord of your concerns in writing and document what is making you feel unsafe. If possible, seek support from advocacy organizations and local law enforcement.
3. Do I have to give my landlord a copy of the new key? Yes, Massachusetts law requires you provide the landlord a copy of the key within 2 business days after changing locks in emergencies, and promptly in other situations.
4. What if my landlord changed the locks on me? If your landlord locks you out without a court order, this is called an "illegal lockout" or "self-help eviction" and is not allowed under Massachusetts law. You can contact Housing Court for help.
5. Where can I get help if I have questions about changing locks? Massachusetts Housing Court, local legal aid, and tenant advocacy organizations offer guidance and support for renters in these situations.

Key Takeaways for Massachusetts Tenants

• Tenants have rights to security but must follow procedures when changing locks.
• Special lock change protections exist for abuse victims under Massachusetts law.
• Always communicate in writing and provide the landlord a key after any lock change.

Knowing your rights helps keep you protected and avoids future disputes.

Need Help? Resources for Renters

• Massachusetts Housing Court: Handles residential landlord-tenant disputes statewide.
• MassLegalHelp Housing Section: Guidance on tenant rights, security, and emergency protections.
• Massachusetts Legal Aid: Free support for qualifying tenants facing housing issues.
• Abuse Prevention Forms and Information: For restraining orders and emergency protections.

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1. Massachusetts General Laws c.186, §28 – Rights relating to domestic violence and lock changes
2. Massachusetts General Laws c.186, §15B – Security deposits and habitability
3. Massachusetts Housing Court
4. Abuse Prevention Forms, Massachusetts Court System

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