DC Eviction Timeline: Step-by-Step Process for Renters

If you’re a renter in the District of Columbia, understanding the eviction process is crucial for protecting your rights and preparing for the next steps. The District's eviction process is regulated by local laws that offer protections for tenants at every stage. Below, you’ll find a step-by-step explanation of how evictions work in DC, including timelines, official forms, and the agencies involved.

Understanding Eviction in the District of Columbia

In DC, eviction may occur only for specific lawful reasons (such as nonpayment of rent or lease violations) and never without a formal court order. Both tenants and landlords must follow the legal steps set by the Rental Housing Act of 1985 ^[1].

Step-by-Step DC Eviction Process Timeline

Here’s a breakdown of the typical eviction process, so you know what to expect:

1. Landlord Provides Written Notice

• For Nonpayment of Rent: Landlords must serve a "Notice to Cure or Vacate" (also known as a 30-day notice) (DC Superior Court FAQ).
• For Lease Violations: Landlords must describe the violation and provide at least 30 days to cure (fix) the issue before filing for eviction.

This notice must be served in writing and must clearly state the reason for potential eviction.

2. Tenant’s Response Period (30 days)

• During the 30-day period, you may pay overdue rent or remedy the lease violation to stop the eviction process.
• If you resolve the issue within this timeframe, the landlord cannot proceed to court.

3. Filing the Eviction Lawsuit (Complaint for Possession)

If the issue is not resolved, the landlord may file a "Complaint for Possession of Real Property" (Court Form: LT-01) ^[2] at the DC Superior Court Landlord & Tenant Branch. This begins the formal court process.

• Example: If you receive a filed Complaint, this means your landlord is asking the court for the legal right to evict you.

4. Summons and Initial Court Hearing

• Once the complaint is filed, the court will serve you with a "Summons"—an official notice requiring your appearance in court on a specific date.
• The initial hearing is usually scheduled in about 2–3 weeks.
• It’s important to attend this hearing and bring all relevant documents.

5. Court Decision

• If both parties appear, the judge may encourage settlement. If no agreement is reached, the judge will review the evidence.
• If you win, you keep your home. If the landlord wins, the court issues a "Judgment for Possession." You are not required to leave immediately.

6. Eviction Scheduled

• The landlord must request a "Writ of Restitution" (Form: LT-03),^[3] which authorizes the U.S. Marshals Service to schedule the eviction.
• You will receive notice of the scheduled eviction date—this may take several weeks after the court decision.

7. Physical Eviction

• Only the U.S. Marshals Service can carry out the eviction, never the landlord directly. They will supervise your removal from the property if it comes to that point.

Key Official Forms and How They Work for DC Renters

• Notice to Cure or Vacate (No standard number)
  • When used: Served before any court action for nonpayment or lease violation.
  • How used: The landlord provides written notice. Example: If you missed rent, you’ll get 30 days to pay or move.
  • See official DC required notices guidance
• Complaint for Possession of Real Property (LT-01)
  • When used: After 30 days without cure.
  • How used: Filed with the DC Superior Court to begin a legal eviction.
  • Download LT-01 form
• Writ of Restitution (LT-03)
  • When used: After the landlord wins in court, to actually schedule the eviction.
  • How used: Request made to the court. The U.S. Marshals Service will deliver final notice and conduct the eviction.
  • Access LT-03 and other landlord–tenant forms

Always keep copies of all notices and forms you receive or submit.

What Tribunal Handles Evictions in DC?

The DC Superior Court—Landlord & Tenant Branch oversees all residential eviction cases. That’s where complaints are filed and hearings occur.

Relevant DC Legislation Protecting Renters

Evictions are governed by the Rental Housing Act of 1985 and related sections of DC law, which outline both landlord and tenant rights ^[1].

Frequently Asked Questions

1. How much notice must my landlord give before starting the eviction process in DC? In most cases, landlords must provide a 30-day written notice to cure or vacate before proceeding to court.
2. Can I be evicted without going to court in DC? No, only the court can authorize an eviction, and only U.S. Marshals may enforce it.
3. What can I do if I can’t attend my first court hearing? You should contact the DC Superior Court Landlord & Tenant Branch immediately to request a rescheduled date and explain your situation.
4. Will paying off my overdue rent stop the eviction? If you pay the overdue amount during the notice period, your landlord cannot proceed with filing for eviction. After court filing, it depends on the judge’s ruling and timing.
5. Are there emergency protections against eviction in DC? Special rules may apply during declared emergencies. Always check the Office of the Tenant Advocate for updates.

Conclusion: Key Takeaways for DC Renters

• You have the right to written notice and to fix most issues before eviction can proceed.
• Evictions must go through DC Superior Court—never ignore official documents or court dates.
• Access legal resources and support promptly to protect your housing.

Need Help? Resources for Renters

• DC Superior Court – Landlord & Tenant Branch: File or respond to cases, check hearing dates, get information.
• Office of the Tenant Advocate (OTA): Tenant advice, emergency resources, and form templates.
• Legal Aid Society of the District of Columbia: Free legal support for eligible DC tenants facing eviction.
• Rental Housing Act of 1985 (full text)

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1. District of Columbia Code—Rental Housing Act of 1985
2. DC Superior Court Landlord & Tenant Form LT-01
3. DC Landlord & Tenant Forms

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