Virginia Tenant-Landlord Arbitration: Your Dispute Resolution Options

If you’re facing a rental dispute in Virginia—whether about repairs, rent increases, or lease terms—you may wonder about your options beyond court. Tenant-landlord arbitration and mediation programs offer a more approachable way to resolve issues. This guide explains how these programs work, which agencies to contact, and what forms you’ll need as a renter in Virginia.

Understanding Arbitration and Mediation for Renters in Virginia

Arbitration and mediation are alternatives to traditional court cases. In mediation, a neutral third party helps you and your landlord reach an agreement. In arbitration, an independent arbitrator hears both sides and makes a binding decision. Virginia law supports mediation in landlord-tenant disputes, and some localities have specific programs to help.

What Issues Can Be Resolved?

• Disagreements over repairs or maintenance
• Questions about the lease or rental agreement
• Security deposit returns
• Concerns about rent increases or terms
• Eviction matters (in some cases, before court action begins)

You don’t need to be an expert to use these services—just know your rights and start with the proper forms and contacts.

Where Do You Go? Official Contacts and Agencies

While Virginia does not have a centralized state-wide residential tenancy tribunal, the following resources and programs are available:

• Virginia Judicial System – Dispute Resolution Services: Provides information on local mediation programs, including landlord-tenant mediation.
• Virginia Department of Housing and Community Development (DHCD): Offers guides and information for both renters and landlords.
• Local government housing offices (for city- or county-run mediation/arbitration).

Relevant Arbitration or Mediation Forms

• Request for Appointment of Mediator (Form ADR-100)
  When to use: If you want to start mediation before pursuing court, fill out the ADR-100 to request a mediator through the court system. For example, if you disagree with your landlord about a security deposit refund, use this form to start a mediated discussion.
  Download the Request for Appointment of Mediator (Form ADR-100)

Other forms may be provided locally. Always check with your city or county court or the Virginia General District Court if your dispute is headed to a formal legal process.

How the Arbitration and Mediation Process Works in Virginia

The process aims to be straightforward and less stressful than court. Here’s an overview:

• Initiate: You (or your landlord) request mediation/arbitration through your local court or city/county housing office (start with Form ADR-100 if using the court system).
• Scheduling: A neutral third party (mediator or arbitrator) is chosen and a session is scheduled. Both parties attend.
• Session: You discuss your concerns and seek a resolution, with the mediator guiding the conversation.
• Outcome: If you reach agreement, it is put in writing and can be enforced. Arbitration decisions are usually binding.

If you’re unsure where to start, contact your local General District Court clerk or the Virginia Judicial System’s Dispute Resolution Services for guidance.

Relevant Tenancy Law in Virginia

Virginia residential tenancies are governed by the Virginia Residential Landlord and Tenant Act. This law covers your rights and obligations, resolving disputes, and protections for both renters and landlords.¹

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

1. Can I use mediation for any type of rental dispute in Virginia?
   Mediation is available for most civil landlord-tenant disputes, including repairs, security deposits, and some eviction-related issues. However, some cases (like illegal activity or certain court-ordered evictions) may need to go directly to court.
2. Who runs the arbitration or mediation programs in Virginia?
   Most programs are managed by the Virginia Judicial System’s Dispute Resolution Services or at the local city/county level. There is no centralized statewide tribunal for all cases.
3. Is the arbitrator’s decision legally binding?
   Yes, if you choose arbitration, the arbitrator’s decision is binding and enforceable by law. Mediation agreements are binding if signed by both parties.
4. Do I need a lawyer to use mediation or arbitration?
   No. You can participate without a lawyer, though getting advice is encouraged if you have complex questions.
5. Are there fees for filing Form ADR-100?
   Court mediation services may have minimal or no fees, but you should check with your local court to confirm.

Key Takeaways for Virginia Renters

• Arbitration and mediation can be faster and less expensive than court.
• Use the Request for Appointment of Mediator (ADR-100) to start the mediation process in the Virginia court system.
• Your rights are protected under the Virginia Residential Landlord and Tenant Act.

Starting with mediation or arbitration gives both renters and landlords the opportunity to resolve disputes amicably and avoid the stress of a court hearing.

Need Help? Resources for Renters

• Virginia Judicial System – Dispute Resolution Services: Information and local program contacts for mediation/arbitration
• Virginia Department of Housing and Community Development (DHCD): Tenants’ rights and guidance
• Virginia General District Court Locator: Find your local General District Court and clerk’s office
• Contact local legal aid: Virginia Legal Aid for free or low-cost advice

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1. Virginia Residential Landlord and Tenant Act
2. Request for Appointment of Mediator (ADR-100) (PDF from the Virginia Judicial System)
3. Virginia Judicial System – Dispute Resolution Services

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