Surveillance Camera Rules for Missouri Apartment Common Areas

If you’re renting in Missouri, you may notice security cameras in your building’s hallways, laundry rooms, parking lots, or entryways. Landlords often use these cameras to protect property and ensure safety. But as a renter, it’s important to know your rights when it comes to surveillance—especially in shared spaces. This article covers what Missouri law says about security cameras in common areas, your privacy rights, and what you can do if you have concerns.

What Counts as a "Common Area" in Missouri Rentals?

"Common areas" include any space in an apartment building or rental complex that all tenants can access, such as:

• Hallways and stairwells
• Laundry rooms
• Building entrances and lobbies
• Recreation rooms
• Parking areas

Missouri does not consider these areas to have the same strict privacy protections as private apartments or bathrooms, but there are still rules landlords must follow.

Missouri Law on Security Cameras in Common Areas

Missouri law does not have a state-specific statute that directly prohibits or regulates video surveillance in rental property common areas. However, both federal and state law protect tenants against "invasion of privacy." Landlords are generally allowed to install visible security cameras in shared areas, as long as the cameras do not record areas where tenants have a reasonable expectation of complete privacy (like inside units, bathrooms, or locker rooms).

The Missouri Revised Statutes – Landlord-Tenant Law covers many aspects of renter and landlord rights, including peaceful enjoyment and basic privacy¹. Surveillance in common areas is considered legal if it doesn’t deliberately harass or target an individual, and the intent is for general safety.

Where Cameras Cannot Be Placed

• Inside your private unit (including bedrooms, bathrooms, kitchens)
• Inside bathrooms, showers, or public restrooms
• Hidden or "secret" cameras without notice to tenants

What Landlords Must Consider

• Notice to Tenants: While not required by statewide law, best practices recommend landlords give notice when cameras are installed or operating. Check your lease for any added policies about surveillance.
• No Audio Recording: Audio monitoring is far more restricted in Missouri. State law typically requires consent from all parties for audio recording (Missouri Wiretap Law)².
• Purpose: Cameras must be used for legitimate security concerns, not to harass or monitor specific tenants.

If you are concerned about surveillance or believe a camera is placed where it shouldn't be, you have the right to discuss this with your landlord or elevate your concern through official channels.

How to Address Concerns About Common Area Cameras

Renters who feel their rights have been breached by improper surveillance can take several steps:

• Review your lease and any building policies about security and surveillance.
• Speak with your landlord or property manager to get clarity on camera placement and their purpose.
• If you think your privacy rights are violated (e.g., hidden cameras, cameras inside your unit), document your concerns and evidence.
• File a formal complaint with your landlord in writing and keep a copy for your records.
• If not resolved, you can contact the appropriate government agency or seek legal advice.

Relevant Forms for Complaints

• Consumer Complaint Form: This form is used to report unfair practices, such as unauthorized surveillance by a landlord. Available at the official Missouri Attorney General’s website.
  Example: If you believe your privacy is being violated by hidden cameras in prohibited areas, you may fill out and submit this form to ask for an official review.

In rental-related disputes, Missouri renters may also file claims in local small claims court, which handles landlord-tenant matters. The tribunal for these matters is typically the Missouri Circuit Court – Small Claims Division.

FAQ: Surveillance Cameras and Renters’ Rights in Missouri

1. Can my landlord put cameras in the hallway or laundry room?
   Yes, Missouri law generally allows landlords to install visible cameras in shared or common areas for security.
2. Does my landlord have to tell me if there are cameras?
   Notice isn't always required by Missouri law, but best practices and many leases require letting tenants know about new surveillance.
3. Can a landlord record audio as well as video?
   No, Missouri law restricts audio recording without consent. Most security cameras should record video only.
4. What if I find a hidden camera in my apartment?
   Status: That is not allowed. Contact your landlord, document it, and report to the Missouri Attorney General or police if unresolved.
5. Where can I find my rights in writing?
   You can view the relevant law in the Missouri Revised Statutes on landlord-tenant rights and your lease.

Conclusion: Key Takeaways for Missouri Renters

• Landlords can use cameras in common areas but not inside your apartment or in private spaces.
• Audio recording is almost always prohibited without everyone’s consent in Missouri.
• If you believe your privacy is violated, take action by documenting the situation and using official complaint channels.

Knowing your privacy rights ensures a safer and fairer rental experience.

Need Help? Resources for Renters

• Missouri Attorney General – File a Complaint
• Missouri Housing Development Commission – Tenant Resources
• Missouri Circuit Court – Small Claims Division (handles landlord-tenant disputes)
• Missouri Revised Statutes: Landlord-Tenant Law

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1. Missouri Revised Statutes – Section 441.233
2. Missouri Wiretap Law (Section 542.402)

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