Missouri Renters: Can Your Landlord Change Locks Without Permission?

If you’re renting in Missouri, you may wonder whether your landlord has the right to change your locks without your knowledge or permission. Understanding your rights as a renter is vital, especially when it comes to security and access to your own home. This guide explains what Missouri law says about landlords changing locks, your legal protections, and practical steps if your access is restricted.

What Missouri Law Says About Changing Locks

In Missouri, a landlord cannot arbitrarily change locks on a rental unit to lock out a tenant without going through the legal eviction process. Changing locks as a form of eviction or retaliation is considered an "unlawful ouster." Missouri law protects renters from this type of lockout under the Missouri Revised Statutes Section 441.233.^[1]

When Can a Landlord Legally Change Locks?

• Only after a legal eviction order has been issued and carried out by law enforcement.
• For emergency repairs or safety, but not as a method to force a tenant to leave.
• With tenant consent (for example, if both parties agree to a lock change for safety reasons).

Any other lock change, especially as a way to make you leave or as retaliation for complaints, is not allowed and you may have the right to seek damages.

What Is an Illegal Lockout?

An illegal lockout occurs when a landlord tries to remove a tenant by changing the locks, removing doors, or blocking entry without following the formal eviction process. This is prohibited under Missouri law. Tenants who are locked out illegally can take legal action for unlawful detainer or for damages resulting from being denied access to their home.

What Steps Can Renters Take If Locked Out?

If you find yourself locked out by your landlord without an official court order, here’s what you can do:

• Document the situation: Take photos, keep notes, and gather evidence.
• Contact local law enforcement or your local court for advice.
• File a lawsuit for restoration of possession under Missouri law.
• Consult legal aid or tenant advocacy organizations for assistance.

Official Forms: Filing for Restoration of Possession

• Form Name: Petition for Restoration of Possession (often used in "Unlawful Detainer" actions)
• When to Use: If you are a renter who has been wrongfully locked out by your landlord without a court order.
• How to Use: Submit this petition to the Circuit Court in the county where you rent. For example, if your landlord changes the locks while you are still legally living in your apartment, file this petition to have your access restored.
• Official Source: Missouri Petition for Restoration of Possession Form

The Circuit Court in your county handles residential tenancy issues in Missouri. Find your local court contacts at the Missouri Courts Circuit Courts Directory.

Understanding the Eviction Process in Missouri

Missouri law requires landlords to follow a formal process before removing a tenant. An eviction can only happen after:

• The landlord provides written notice (if required by lease or law).
• The landlord files a lawsuit for eviction, often called "Unlawful Detainer" or "Rent and Possession."
• The court issues a judgment and official eviction order.
• The sheriff or authorized law enforcement officers carry out the lock change after a court order.

Renters are always entitled to a hearing before being locked out of their home.

Missouri law strictly prohibits landlords from "self-help" evictions, including changing locks, shutting off utilities, or physically removing tenants without a court order.

FAQ: Missouri Renters and Lock Changing Rights

1. Can my landlord change my locks if I am late with rent?
   No. Your landlord must always follow the formal eviction process. Changing locks as punishment for unpaid rent is illegal.
2. What should I do if I return home and my locks are changed?
   Document everything, contact local police, and consider filing a Petition for Restoration of Possession at your Circuit Court.
3. Is there any situation where a landlord can legally change my locks without consent?
   Only in emergencies requiring immediate repair for safety or after receiving court authorization during an eviction.
4. Does my landlord have to give me a new key if locks are changed during my tenancy?
   Yes. If locks are changed for legitimate reasons (like repairs), you must be given a new working key right away.
5. Who enforces these renter protections in Missouri?
   The Missouri Circuit Courts handle disputes related to lockouts and evictions.

Key Takeaways for Missouri Renters

• Your landlord cannot change your locks to force you out without a court order.
• Always document incidents and take prompt action if locked out.
• Circuit Courts are your main contact for enforcing your renter rights and for any restoration of possession filings.

If in doubt, reach out to official legal resources to understand your options and next steps.

Need Help? Resources for Renters

• Missouri Courts - Tenant/Landlord Rights and Forms
• Missouri Circuit Court Directory (Find Your Local Court)
• Missouri Attorney General – Landlord-Tenant Fact Sheet
• Legal Services of Missouri – Landlord/Tenant Law Guide

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1. [1] See Missouri Revised Statutes Section 441.233 - Lockout Prohibited
2. For information on Missouri tenant and landlord law, visit the Missouri Courts official landlord-tenant page.
3. Missouri Petition for Restoration of Possession Official Court Form

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