Maryland Rental Property Water Quality Rules Explained

Whether you rent in Baltimore, Annapolis, or another part of Maryland, safe drinking water is vital for your health. State law and local housing codes require that every rental property provides water that is clean, safe, and fit for consumption. Understanding what these laws require, and what to do if you discover a problem, is crucial for every Maryland renter.

Drinking Water Standards for Maryland Rentals

All rental properties in Maryland must supply tenants with potable (safe to drink) water. The standards for water quality in rental housing are enforced at both the state and local levels. The main requirements include:

• Rental units must have a running supply of hot and cold water at all times.
• Water supplied must be from a source considered safe (e.g., municipal water, compliant private well).
• Water quality must meet the federal Safe Drinking Water Act and state public health regulations.

In Maryland, landlords are responsible for maintaining plumbing and ensuring the water meets state and local health and safety standards for rental properties^[1].

If You Suspect Water Problems

If you notice issues such as discolored water, bad odors, taste problems, or illness you think is linked to water, act promptly. You should first notify your landlord in writing, explaining the problem and requesting urgent repairs or testing.

Your Right to Safe Water: Applicable Laws and Where to Turn

• Maryland Code, Real Property Title 8: This law requires landlords to keep rental units in a safe and habitable condition, which includes providing safe drinking water. You can view the full legislation via Maryland Real Property § 8-211^[1].
• Local Codes: Counties (for example, Baltimore City) have specific housing codes addressing water standards. If you live outside a city, check your county’s housing department.
• Federal Standards: Landlords who supply well water must meet federal Safe Drinking Water Act standards^[2].

Common Water Issues Covered by Law

• Contaminated well water (bacteria, lead, other hazards)
• Broken or insufficient water heaters
• No running water or low pressure
• Failure to repair plumbing leading to water loss or contamination

These conditions may make the property "unfit for human habitation" under Maryland law, which can trigger tenant remedies.

How to Report Unsafe Water or Take Action

If your landlord does not address the problem quickly, you have the right to seek help through official channels:

• Contact your local housing code enforcement or health department (city or county) to inspect and order repairs.
• File a written repair request with your landlord, keeping copies for your records.
• If problems persist, consider a Rent Escrow Action—a legal process to pay rent to court until repairs are made.

Official Forms and How to Use Them

• Rent Escrow Petition (DC-CV-044) – Use this form if your landlord refuses to make water or other health/safety repairs, and you want the District Court to intervene.
  • When to use: After giving your landlord written notice and reasonable time to fix the problem.
  • Example: You reported contaminated well water, your landlord did not respond for over a week, and you still have unsafe water in your apartment.
  • Official Rent Escrow Petition Form DC-CV-044 (PDF)

The main tribunal for landlord-tenant disputes in Maryland is the Maryland District Court, which hears actions like rent escrow and repair disputes.

FAQ: Safe Drinking Water in Maryland Rentals

1. Can I withhold rent if my rental has unsafe drinking water?
   Withholding rent outright can risk eviction, but you may qualify to file a Rent Escrow Action to pay rent into court until repairs are made.
2. Who enforces water quality rules for rentals in Maryland?
   Local housing or health departments inspect issues, and the Maryland District Court handles legal disputes.
3. What if my water problem is from a private well?
   Your landlord must ensure all water meets state and federal safety requirements; if it doesn't, you can request inspection and pursue repairs.
4. Which law protects my right to safe drinking water as a tenant?
   Maryland Real Property § 8-211 requires landlords to provide habitable housing, including safe water.
5. How do I get my water tested if I’m concerned?
   Contact your county's health department for advice and potential testing. If issues persist, notify your landlord in writing and document everything.

In Summary: What Maryland Renters Should Know

• Landlords must provide safe, drinkable water. State and federal laws protect this right.
• Always report water issues to your landlord in writing, and keep records.
• If repairs aren't made, you can file official forms with the District Court and seek help from local authorities.

Being proactive and knowing your legal options helps ensure your home remains safe and healthy.

Need Help? Resources for Renters

• Maryland District Court – Landlord/Tenant Cases
• Maryland Department of the Environment – Water Programs
• Maryland Department of Housing and Community Development – Renters
• Rent Escrow Process – People's Law Library of Maryland
• Local county/city health or housing code enforcement (search your county government’s website)

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1. Maryland Real Property § 8-211 - Repair of Dangerous Defects and Conditions
2. EPA Drinking Water Regulations

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