How DC Renters Can File in Small Claims Court: Step-by-Step Guide

Renters in the District of Columbia sometimes face issues like unreturned security deposits, minor property damage disputes, or unresolved repairs. If attempts to resolve the problem with your landlord haven't worked, you might consider using DC's Small Claims Court. This guide breaks down the process for renters—plainly, step by step—so you know your rights and what to expect.

What Is Small Claims Court and When Should Renters Use It?

Small Claims Court in DC is a division of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia. It's designed to resolve monetary disputes up to $10,000 without requiring lengthy legal procedures or a lawyer. Renters commonly use Small Claims Court for:

• Security deposit disputes after moving out
• Claiming reimbursement for urgent repairs paid out-of-pocket
• Seeking compensation for property damage
• Wrongful withholding of rent receipts or documentation

For larger or more complex cases, other branches of DC Superior Court may be appropriate.

Relevant Tenancy Law and Tribunal

DC renters' rights are mainly protected by the Rental Housing Act of 1985 and enforced by the Rental Accommodations Division (RAD) of the Department of Housing and Community Development (DHCD). However, monetary disputes under $10,000 between landlords and tenants are heard in the Small Claims and Conciliation Branch of the DC Superior Court.¹ You do not need to have a lawyer to file here.

Key Official Forms for DC Small Claims Court

• Statement of Claim (Small Claims Court) – Form 100
  • Official link to Statement of Claim (Form 100)
  • Use this to begin your case. Example: You moved out, your landlord refuses to return your security deposit, and you want to file a claim to recover it.
• Summons to Appear (Form 101)
  • Official link to Summons (Form 101)
  • Issued after you file your Statement of Claim. The defendant (landlord) is served this form to notify them of the court date and claim details.
• Proof of Service (Form 102)
  • Official link to Proof of Service (Form 102)
  • Used to confirm and certify that the landlord has been legally notified about your claim. Important for the case to move forward.

All forms and instructions are available on the DC Courts Small Claims Branch website.

Step-By-Step: How DC Renters File a Small Claims Case

Here's a concise rundown before you start. DC’s Small Claims process is straightforward if you prepare thoroughly.

1. Gather your facts: lease, receipts, records of repairs, demand letters, and any communication with your landlord.
2. Fill out the Statement of Claim (Form 100) with the correct amount and clear explanation of your claim.
3. File your form in person at the Small Claims Clerk’s Office (Room 5000, Moultrie Courthouse, 500 Indiana Avenue NW) or via their online eFiling system.
4. Pay the filing fee (typically $5–$45 based on claim amount; ask about fee waivers if you have low income).
5. The court will provide a Summons for your landlord.
6. Arrange for your landlord to be served (delivered) the court documents—this can be done by a process server or qualified adult.
7. File the Proof of Service with the court.
8. Attend your scheduled court hearing. Bring all your evidence and, if possible, extra copies. If you cannot attend in person, ask the court about remote options.

After the Hearing

If the judge rules in your favor, you may receive a judgment against your landlord. The next steps could include working with the court for collections if your landlord does not pay voluntarily.

DC renters usually receive written notice from the court about the final decision and further instructions, if needed.

FAQ for Renters: DC Small Claims Court

1. What’s the maximum amount I can claim as a renter in DC Small Claims Court? You can claim up to $10,000 for issues like security deposits or damages.
2. Do I need a lawyer to file a Small Claims case? No, renters do not need a lawyer. The process is designed for the public and is quite straightforward, but you may consult a legal aid organization for help.
3. How long does the Small Claims Court process usually take? Most cases are scheduled within 30–60 days of filing, but timelines may vary depending on the court’s docket.
4. What happens if my landlord ignores the summons? If your landlord does not respond or appear, you may win a default judgment, allowing you to pursue collection through the court.
5. Can I file online or do I have to go to court? DC allows eFiling for Small Claims. For details, visit the Small Claims Branch information page or inquire with the Clerk’s Office.

Key Takeaways for DC Renters

• DC renters can file Small Claims cases for disputes up to $10,000—commonly for security deposits or damages.
• Key forms include the Statement of Claim, Summons, and Proof of Service—all found at the official DC Courts website.
• No lawyer is required; the process is designed for easy self-representation with clear steps and court support.

Need Help? Resources for Renters

• DC Small Claims Court (Superior Court of the District of Columbia): Guides, forms, and court contacts.
• Department of Housing and Community Development (DHCD), Rental Accommodations Division: Information on rent control, complaints, and tenant rights.
• Legal Aid Society of the District of Columbia: Free tenant legal advice and representation for eligible renters.
• Tenant Advocacy Coalition / DC Tenants’ Rights Center: Help with tenant education and case support.

---

1. The Small Claims and Conciliation Branch is part of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia responsible for disputes under $10,000 between landlords and tenants.
2. Tenant rights and rental disputes are governed by the Rental Housing Act of 1985.
3. Official DC Small Claims Court forms can be found on the DC Courts forms page.

Categories

Renter Rights & Legal Protections Lease Agreements & Renewals Rent, Fees & Security Deposits Moving In: Inspections & Disclosures Moving Out & Ending a Lease Maintenance, Repairs & Habitability Health & Safety Standards Evictions & Lease Violations Roommates, Subletting & Shared Housing Discrimination & Fair Housing Laws Accessibility & Disability Accommodations Utilities, Services & Billing Affordable Housing & Rental Assistance Rent Control & Rent Stabilization Privacy Rights & Landlord Entry Security, Locks & Emergency Protections Dispute Resolution & Legal Aid Retaliation & Harassment Protections Mobile Home & Manufactured Housing Rights Special Housing Types & Situations